Protesting is a powerful tool in any democracy. When citizens take to the streets to make their voices heard, they are participating in one of the most vital expressions of free speech. But while peaceful protest is a constitutional right, it can also come with risks—both physical and legal. Whether you’re attending a small local rally or a massive national march, being prepared and aware can make all the difference.
Here’s a comprehensive guide to protecting yourself before, during, and after a protest.
Know Your Rights
Before you go out, it’s essential to understand your legal rights as a protester. The First Amendment protects your right to peacefully assemble, speak freely, and express dissent. However, there are limitations.
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Public Spaces: You generally have the right to protest in public areas like streets, sidewalks, and parks.
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Permits: Some cities require permits for marches or amplified sound. Even without a permit, you can still protest as long as you’re not blocking traffic or causing public safety issues.
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Filming: You have the right to record police officers in public, as long as you’re not interfering with their work.
Tip: Carry a printed or digital “Know Your Rights” card from the ACLU or National Lawyers Guild in case of police interactions.
Dress Smart and Stay Comfortable
How you dress can impact both your comfort and your safety during a protest.
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Avoid identifiable clothing: Steer clear of anything with logos, political affiliations, or identifying features in case of photos or surveillance.
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Dress in layers: Weather can change quickly, and you may be outside for hours.
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Wear sturdy shoes: You’ll likely be on your feet all day. Closed-toe shoes protect better in a crowd or if you’re moving quickly.
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Protective gear: If you suspect the presence of riot police or tear gas, consider goggles and a mask (not a bandana). N95 masks can help with both identity protection and air filtration.
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No contacts: Tear gas and pepper spray can severely irritate contact lenses. Wear glasses if possible.
Bring a Small Essentials Kit
Keep your gear light but purposeful. Here’s a recommended list:
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Water (for drinking and flushing eyes if needed)
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Snacks (high-energy bars or nuts)
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Basic first aid kit
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ID (though some prefer to protest anonymously—consider a legal hotline wristband or number written on your arm)
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Phone charger or power bank
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Cash (cards may not work if ATMs are down or for quick rideshares)
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Wet wipes or tissues
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Hand sanitizer
Tip: Write a legal aid number (like the local ACLU or National Lawyers Guild) on your arm in permanent marker.
Plan Ahead
Preparation can reduce stress and increase your safety during the event.
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Tell someone where you’ll be. Share your location with a trusted contact and set check-in times.
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Go with a group. There’s safety in numbers—stay with friends or organize a buddy system.
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Know the area. Familiarize yourself with exits, public transport, medical centers, and safe places to regroup if needed.
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Agree on meeting points. If your group gets separated, know where to reconvene.
Protect Your Digital Privacy
Phones can be used to track, surveil, or even incriminate protesters. Protect your digital footprint with the following steps:
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Use a passcode—not facial or fingerprint unlock.
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Turn off face/fingerprint ID before the protest. Law enforcement can compel biometric unlocks in some jurisdictions.
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Enable airplane mode when not needed. This disables tracking via cellular and Wi-Fi networks.
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Use encrypted messaging apps like Signal or Telegram to communicate securely.
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Back up your data. In case your device is lost, stolen, or confiscated.
Tip: Consider using a burner phone if you attend protests regularly or expect confrontation.
Be Aware of Police Tactics and De-escalation Techniques
Police presence at protests can range from neutral to aggressive. Know how to safely navigate these scenarios:
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Stay calm and non-confrontational.
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Record safely. If police escalate, document it, but don’t interfere. Livestreaming can help increase accountability.
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Move away from kettling. If you see police trying to block off streets, exit before you’re trapped.
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If arrested, remain silent. Clearly state you wish to remain silent and want a lawyer. Don’t consent to searches.
Tip: Don’t carry anything that could be used against you (e.g., pocket knives, spray paint, etc.).
Prepare for Tear Gas or Pepper Spray
These are sometimes used in crowd control. Here’s how to prepare:
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Don’t wear oil-based lotions or makeup. These can trap chemicals on your skin.
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Wear a mask and goggles. Tight-fitting swim or lab goggles work best.
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Carry a bandana soaked in water or vinegar. It won’t stop the gas entirely, but it can help.
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If exposed: Don’t rub your eyes. Rinse with water or saline solution. Change into clean clothes as soon as possible.
Homemade relief solution: 1/4 liquid antacid (like Maalox) + 3/4 water in a spray bottle.